Mens Fashion Stores San Fernando Valley

Large populated valley in Los Angeles County, California, US

San Fernando Valley
The San Fernando Valley looking northeast; from the acme of Topanga Overlook Park above Woodland Hills in foreground
San Fernando Valley
Area	260 square miles (670 kmii)
Naming
Native name	El Valle de Santa Catalina de Bononia de los Encinos (Spanish)
Geography
Location	California
Population centers	Los Angeles, Burbank, Glendale, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, San Fernando
Borders on	Santa Susana Mountains (northwest), Simi Hills (west), Santa Monica Mountains and Chalk Hills (south), Verdugo Mountains (e), San Gabriel Mountains (northeast)
Coordinates	34°15′N 118°27′W  /  34.25°N 118.45°W  / 34.25; -118.45 Coordinates: 34°fifteen′Northward 118°27′W  /  34.25°N 118.45°Due west  / 34.25; -118.45

The San Fernando Valley,^[i] known locally as the Valley,^{[two] [three]} is an urbanized valley in Los Angeles County, California. Located but north of the Los Angeles Basin, information technology contains a large portion of the City of Los Angeles, equally well every bit unincorporated areas and the incorporated cities of Burbank, Calabasas, Glendale, Hidden Hills, and San Fernando.^[4] The valley is well known for its iconic film studios such as Warner Bros. Studio and Walt Disney Studios. In addition, it is home to the Universal Studios Hollywood theme park.

Geography [edit]

The San Fernando Valley is almost 260 square miles (670 km^two)^[5] jump past the Santa Susana Mountains to the northwest, the Simi Hills to the due west, the Santa Monica Mountains and Chalk Hills to the south, the Verdugo Mountains to the east, and the San Gabriel Mountains to the northeast. The northern Sierra Pelona Mountains, northwestern Topatopa Mountains, southern Santa Ana Mountains, and Downtown Los Angeles skyscrapers tin be seen from higher neighborhoods, passes, and parks in the San Fernando Valley.

The Los Angeles River begins at the confluence of Calabasas Creek (Approach Calabasas) and Bell Creek (Escorpión Creek), between Canoga Park High School and Owensmouth Avenue (simply northward of Vanowen Street) in Canoga Park. These creeks' headwaters are in the Santa Monica Calabasas foothills, the Simi Hills' Hidden Hills, Santa Susana Field Laboratory, and Santa Susana Pass Park lands. The river flows eastward along the southern regions of the Valley. 1 of the river'southward two unpaved sections can be found at the Sepulveda Basin. A seasonal river, the Tujunga Wash, drains much of the western facing San Gabriel Mountains and passes into and then through the Hansen Dam Recreation Heart in Lake View Terrace. It flows south along the Verdugo Mountains through the eastern communities of the valley to join the Los Angeles River in Studio City. Other notable tributaries of the river include Dayton Creek, Caballero Creek, Bull Creek, Pacoima Wash, and Verdugo Launder. The elevation of the floor of the valley varies from about 600 ft (180 m) to 1,200 ft (370 k) higher up sea level.

Nearly of the San Fernando Valley is inside the jurisdiction of the City of Los Angeles,^[3] although a few other incorporated cities are located within the valley as well: Burbank is in the southeastern corner of the valley, and San Fernando, which is completely surrounded by Los Angeles, is in the northeastern valley. Universal City, an enclave in the southern part of the valley, is an unincorporated area housing the Universal Studios filming lot and theme park. Mulholland Drive, which runs along the ridgeline of the Santa Monica Mountains, marks the purlieus between the valley and the communities of Hollywood and the Los Angeles Westside. The San Fernando Valley has connectedness to other regions: The Santa Clarita Valley via Newhall Pass, the Westside via Sepulveda Pass, Hollywood via Cahuenga Pass, Simi Valley via Santa Susana Pass, and the Crescenta Valley via Interstate 210.

Habitat [edit]

The valley's natural habitat is a "temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome" of grassland, oak savanna, and chaparral shrub forest types of plant community habitats, forth with lush riparian plants along the river, creeks, and springs. In this Mediterranean climate, post-1790s European agriculture for the mission's support consisted of grapes, figs, olives, and general garden crops.^[half-dozen]

Climate [edit]

The San Fernando Valley has a subtropical/hot-summertime Mediterranean climate, with long, hot, dry summers, and short, warm winters, with dank nights and desultory rainfall. Due to its relatively inland location and other factors, summertime days are typically hotter and winter nights typically colder than in the Los Angeles bowl.

Climate data for Burbank, California (at Burbank Valley Pump)
Month	January	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	October	Nov	December	Year
Record loftier °F (°C)	92 (33)	92 (33)	98 (37)	105 (41)	107 (42)	111 (44)	114 (46)	111 (44)	114 (46)	108 (42)	102 (39)	95 (35)	114 (46)
Boilerplate high °F (°C)	67.v (19.vii)	68.7 (20.4)	70.4 (21.iii)	73.7 (23.ii)	76.6 (24.viii)	81.4 (27.4)	88.3 (31.3)	89.0 (31.vii)	87.2 (30.7)	80.9 (27.2)	73.7 (23.two)	67.9 (19.9)	77.i (25.1)
Average depression °F (°C)	41.seven (v.4)	43.5 (6.four)	45.7 (7.half dozen)	48.ix (9.4)	53.five (11.9)	57.3 (fourteen.one)	61.2 (16.2)	61.iv (16.iii)	59.ii (fifteen.1)	53.three (11.8)	46.0 (7.8)	41.half dozen (5.iii)	51.ane (10.half-dozen)
Record low °F (°C)	22 (−6)	27 (−3)	23 (−five)	32 (0)	39 (four)	43 (six)	45 (vii)	46 (8)	43 (vi)	33 (1)	29 (−two)	22 (−6)	22 (−vi)
Boilerplate precipitation inches (mm)	3.35 (85)	iii.84 (98)	ii.84 (72)	1.17 (30)	0.27 (six.nine)	0.07 (ane.viii)	0.01 (0.25)	0.10 (2.5)	0.20 (v.one)	0.60 (15)	1.51 (38)	2.34 (59)	16.29 (414)
Source: [7]

Climate data for Woodland Hills, Los Angeles
Month	January	February	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record loftier °F (°C)	93 (34)	94 (34)	101 (38)	105 (41)	113 (45)	113 (45)	119 (48)	116 (47)	121 (49)	110 (43)	101 (38)	96 (36)	121 (49)
Average loftier °F (°C)	67 (19)	69 (21)	71 (22)	77 (25)	80 (27)	87 (31)	93 (34)	95 (35)	90 (32)	83 (28)	73 (23)	67 (19)	79 (26)
Average depression °F (°C)	41 (5)	42 (six)	43 (half-dozen)	45 (7)	49 (9)	53 (12)	56 (13)	57 (14)	55 (13)	50 (ten)	43 (6)	39 (four)	48 (9)
Record depression °F (°C)	nineteen (−seven)	18 (−eight)	26 (−iii)	xxx (−one)	33 (ane)	36 (2)	42 (six)	42 (half-dozen)	38 (3)	27 (−3)	23 (−5)	20 (−7)	18 (−8)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	4.27 (108)	4.26 (108)	3.63 (92)	0.85 (22)	0.thirty (7.half-dozen)	0.06 (1.5)	0.02 (0.51)	0.sixteen (4.one)	0.26 (6.half-dozen)	0.60 (15)	1.47 (37)	2.32 (59)	18.twenty (462)
Source: [8]

Government and political representation [edit]

The San Fernando Valley contains six incorporated cities: Burbank, Calabasas, Glendale, Hidden Hills, San Fernando, and role of Los Angeles; which governs the bulk of the valley. The unincorporated communities of Universal City and Westward Chatsworth are governed by the County of Los Angeles.

Representation [edit]

The Los Angeles city department of the valley is divided into 7 metropolis council districts: 2, iii, 4, v, 6, vii, and 12. Of the 95 neighborhood councils in the urban center, 34 are in the valley. The valley is represented in the California Country Legislature past v members of the State Associates: Jesse Gabriel (D), Luz Rivas (D), Adrin Nazarian (D), Suzette Martinez Valladares (R), and Laura Friedman (D). The valley is represented by three members of the State Senate: Henry Stern (D), Bob Hertzberg (D) and Anthony Portantino (D). The valley falls into five congressional districts: the 25th, 28th, 29th, 30th, and 33rd,^[9] represented respectively past Mike Garcia (R), Adam Schiff (D), Tony Cárdenas (D), Brad Sherman (D), and Ted Lieu (D). The valley is represented in the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, by two supervisorial districts, with the western portion represented past Sheila Kuehl (D) and the eastern portion by Kathryn Barger (R).

Politics [edit]

The San Fernando Valley, for the near part, tends to back up Democrats in state and national elections.^[10]

Services [edit]

• The Los Angeles satellite administrative middle for the valley, The Borough Center Van Nuys, is in Van Nuys. The area in and around the Van Nuys branch of Los Angeles City Hall is home to a law station, limited and unlimited jurisdiction superior courts and Los Angeles city and county administrative offices. Northridge is home to California Land University, Northridge (originally named San Fernando Valley State Higher).
• Many branches of the Los Angeles Public Library are located in the valley.
• For independent libraries see "Incorporated Cities (independent)" in the "Municipalities and districts" list beneath.
• Los Angeles Constabulary Department, Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, and independent valley city departments.
• Los Angeles Fire Department, Los Angeles County Fire Department, Burbank Police Section, and independent valley urban center departments.
• City of Los Angeles neighborhood councils

Panorama of San Fernando Valley from Universal Studios

History [edit]

Mission San Fernando: in a circa 1900 postcard

Pre-California statehood [edit]

The valley was a center of "the crossroads of cultures and languages, including the Tongva, Fernandeño, and Chumash."^[xi] The Tongva, later known as the Gabrieleño Mission Indians after colonization, the Tataviam to the north, and Chumash to the west, had lived and thrived in the valley and its arroyos for over viii,000 years.^[12] They had numerous settlements, and trading and hunting camps, earlier the Castilian arrived in 1769 to settle in the Valley.^[13]

The kickoff Spanish country grant in the San Fernando Valley (or El Valle de Santa Catalina de Bononia de los Encinos ^[14]) was chosen "Rancho Encino" (nowadays-day Mission Hills on the Camino Viejo before Newhall Pass), in the northern part of the San Fernando Valley. Juan Francisco Reyes built an adobe dwelling beside a Tongva village or rancheria at natural springs, but the country was soon taken from him and so that a mission could be built there.^[15] Mission San Fernando Rey de España was established in 1797 equally the 17th of the 21 missions.^[16] The land merchandise granted Juan Francisco Reyes the similarly named Rancho Los Encinos, also beside springs (Los Encinos Country Historic Park in present-day Encino). Later the Mexican land grants of Rancho El Escorpión (Due west Hills), Rancho Providencia and Rancho Cahuenga (Burbank), and Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando (rest of valley) covered the San Fernando Valley.^{[ citation needed ]}

The Treaty of Cahuenga, catastrophe the Mexican–American War fighting in Alta California, was signed in 1847 by Californios and Americans at Campo de Cahuenga, the Verdugo Family adobe at the entrance to the Cahuenga Laissez passer in the southeast San Fernando Valley (Northward Hollywood). The 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the entire war.

California statehood and across [edit]

The Valley officially became part of the State of California on September 9, 1850, when the California Statehood Act was canonical by the federal government. In 1874, dry wheat farming was introduced by J. B. Lankershim and Isaac Van Nuys, which became very productive for their San Fernando Homestead Association that owned the southern half of the valley. In 1876, they sent the first wheat shipment from both San Pedro Harbor and from the United States to Europe.^[17]

20th century [edit]

Aqueduct

Crowds gather to see the first water reaching the valley via the new channel.

Through the late-19th-century court conclusion Los Angeles v. Pomeroy, Los Angeles had won the rights to all surface period water atop an aquifer below the valley, without it existence within the city limits.^[18] San Fernando Valley farmers offered to buy the surplus aqueduct^{[ clarification needed ]} water, only the federal legislation that enabled the construction of the aqueduct prohibited Los Angeles from selling the water outside of the city limits.^[19] This induced several independent towns^{[ which? ]} surrounding Los Angeles to vote on and approve annexation to the city so that they could connect to the municipal water organisation. These rural areas became part of Los Angeles in 1915.^[20] The aqueduct h2o shifted farming in the area from dry crops, such as wheat, to irrigated crops, such every bit corn, beans, squash, and cotton wool; orchards of apricots, persimmons, and walnuts; and major citrus groves of oranges and lemons.^[21] They connected until the next increment of development converted land use, with postwar suburbanization leaving merely a few enclaves, such as the "open-air museum" groves at the Orcutt Ranch Park and CSUN campus.

Developments

In 1909, the Suburban Homes Visitor, a syndicate led past H. J. Whitley, general director of the board of control, along with Harry Chandler, Harrison Gray Otis, G. H. Sherman, and Otto F. Brant purchased 48,000 acres of the Farming and Milling Visitor for $two,500,000.^[22] Henry E. Huntington extended his Pacific Electric Railway (Reddish Cars) through the Valley to Owensmouth (at present Canoga Park). The Suburban Domicile Company laid out plans for roads and the towns of Van Nuys, Reseda (Marian), and Canoga Park (Owensmouth). The rural areas were annexed into the metropolis of Los Angeles in 1915.^{[21] [23]} Laurel Canyon and Lankershim in 1923,^{[24] : 45} Sunland in 1926,^{[24] : 29} La Tuna Canyon in 1926, and the incorporated city of Tujunga in an 8-twelvemonth procedure lasting from 1927 to 1935.^[25] These annexations more than doubled the area of the urban center.

Two valley cities incorporated independently from Los Angeles: Burbank and San Fernando in 1911. Universal City remains an unincorporated enclave that is home to Universal Studios and became domicile to Universal CityWalk later on in the century. Other unincorporated areas in the valley include Bell Canyon and Kagel Canyon.

The advent of three new industries in the early 20th century—motility pictures, automobiles, and shipping—also spurred urbanization and population growth. Globe War II production and the subsequent postwar boom accelerated this growth so that between 1945 and 1960, the valley'south population had quintupled.^[26] Los Angeles continued to consolidate its territories in the San Fernando Valley by annexing the one-time Rancho El Escorpión for Canoga Park-West Hills in 1959, and the huge historic Porter Ranch at the foot of the Santa Susana Mountains for the new planned developments in Porter Ranch in 1965.^{[ commendation needed ]} The additions expanded the Los Angeles portion of San Fernando Valley from the original 169 foursquare miles (438 kmⁱⁱ) to 224 square miles (580 km²).

In the belatedly 1970s, there was a proposed eastward-due west superhighway labeled SR 64 that would take cut through the center of the valley from Calabasas in the western end of the valley to the SR-170 and I-5 superhighway interchange in Sun Valley, Los Angeles in the eastern end of the valley, but local opposition gained traction and the proposed freeway was never canonical or built.

Pop culture

In the 1980s, a distinctive valley youth civilisation was recognized in the media, particularly in the 1982 Frank Zappa / Moon Zappa song "Valley Girl" and the 1983 moving-picture show Valley Girl.^[iii] These helped prepare the socio-economic stereotype of the "Valley girl" into the public consciousness, including a distinct Valley accent.^{[27] [28]}

Northridge earthquake

The 1994 Northridge earthquake struck on Jan 17 and measured half-dozen.7 on the Moment magnitude scale. It produced the largest ground motions ever recorded in an urban environment and was the kickoff earthquake that had its hypocenter located directly under a U.S. city since the Long Beach earthquake of 1933.^[29] It acquired the greatest damage in the Usa since the 1906 San Francisco convulsion.^[30] Although given the proper name Northridge, the epicenter was located in the community of Reseda, betwixt Arminta and Ingomar streets, simply west of Reseda Boulevard.^[31] The death toll was 57, and more than i,500 people were seriously injured. A few days after the earthquake, 9,000 homes and businesses were still without electricity; 20,000 were without gas; and more than than 48,500 had little or no water. About 12,500 structures were moderately to severely damaged, which left thousands of people temporarily homeless. Of the 66,546 buildings inspected, half-dozen percent were severely damaged (carmine tagged) and 17 percent were moderately damaged (yellow tagged). In addition, damage to several major freeways serving Los Angeles choked the traffic system in the days post-obit the earthquake. Major expressway damage occurred equally far away as 25 miles (40 km) from the epicenter. Collapses and other severe damage forced closure of portions of 11 major roads to downtown Los Angeles.^[32]

This was the second time in 23 years that the San Fernando Valley had been affected by a strong earthquake. On February nine, 1971, a magnitude-six.5 event struck about 20 miles (32 km) northeast of the epicenter of the 1994 result. The 1971 convulsion caused 58 fatalities and about 2,000 injuries. At the time, the 1971 San Fernando earthquake was the well-nigh destructive event to affect greater Los Angeles since the magnitude-six.3 Long Embankment earthquake of 1933.^[33]

21st century [edit]

Gimmicky era

By the late 1990s, the San Fernando Valley had get more urban and more than ethnically diverse with rising poverty and crime. In 2002, the valley tried to secede from the urban center of Los Angeles and become its own incorporated city to escape Los Angeles' perceived poverty, crime, gang activity, urban decay, and poorly maintained infrastructure. Since that unsuccessful secession attempt, a new Van Nuys municipal building was built in 2003; the Metro Orangish Line opened in October 2005; 35 new public schools had opened up by 2012, and the valley's indigenous plurality is now Hispanic, edging out its white population past 0.8 percent.^{[ citation needed ]}

By 2017, numerous urban evolution projects began in the valley, mainly in the Los Angeles neighborhoods of North Hollywood, Panorama Urban center, and Woodland Hills. These projects started with the first few in Woodland Hills and the NoHo Westward project in Northward Hollywood began groundbreaking and construction on Apr 6, 2017.^{[ citation needed ]}

LA Metro will begin structure on upgrades of the Metro G Line in 2021 with at-class crossing gates and two bridges crossing both Sepulveda and Van Nuys Boulevards. The valley will get its first light rails line in 7 decades by 2027, with construction of the line beginning in 2021 along Van Nuys Boulevard and San Fernando Route.^{[ citation needed ]}

Parks and recreation [edit]

The San Fernando Valley is domicile to numerous neighborhood urban center parks, recreation areas and large Regional Open Space preserves. Many preserves are maintained as public parkland by the National Park Service's Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, the California State Parks, and local county and municipal parks districts.

Small-scale garden parks and missions [edit]

• The Japanese Garden
• The gardens at Adobes
• The Orcutt Ranch Horticulture Center
• The Leonis Adobe
• The Andrés Pico adobe
• Los Encinos Country Historic Park
• Mission San Fernando

Recreation areas [edit]

• Griffith Park, located at the southeastern end of the valley in the Hollywood Hills
• Sepulveda Dam recreation area
• Hansen Dam recreation surface area
• Los Angeles River, with parks of various sizes forth the part of the river located in the valley

Mountain open-space parks [edit]

• Courage Trail System
• Bell Canyon Park
• Make Park
• Chatsworth Park South
• Deukmejian Wilderness Park
• El Escorpión Park
• Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail
• La Tuna Park
• Laurel Coulee Park
• Marvin Braude Mulholland Gateway Park
• O'Melveny Park above Granada Hills
• Rocky Peak Park
• Sage Ranch Park (located in Simi Valley)
• San Vicente Mountain Park, above Encino
• Santa Susana Pass Country Historic Park
• Topanga Country Park
• Upper Las Virgenes Coulee Open Space Preserve
• Verdugo Mountains Open Space Preserve
• Wilacre Park
• Wildwood Canyon Park, above Burbank
• Wilson Canyon Park, in a higher place Sylmar

Municipalities and neighborhoods [edit]

Map of the San Fernando Valley

Incorporated cities (independent)^[4] [edit]

• Burbank
• Calabasas
• Glendale
• Subconscious Hills
• Los Angeles
• San Fernando

Unincorporated communities [edit]

• Universal Urban center
• Due west Chatsworth

Urban center of Los Angeles neighborhoods of the San Fernando Valley^[34] [edit]

• Arleta
• Canoga Park
• Chatsworth
• Encino
• Granada Hills
• Lake Balboa
• Lake View Terrace
• Mission Hills
• NoHo Arts Commune
• North Hills
• North Hollywood
• Northridge
• Pacoima
• Panorama Metropolis
• Porter Ranch
• Reseda
• Shadow Hills ⁺
• Sherman Oaks
• Sherwood Woods
• Studio City
• Sunday Valley
• Sylmar
• Tarzana
• Toluca Lake
• Toluca Terrace
• Toluca Woods
• Valley Glen
• Valley Village
• Van Nuys
• Warner Eye
• W Hills
• Winnetka
• Woodland Hills

⁺ These communities are also included in the Crescenta Valley.

Economic system [edit]

The Valley is home to numerous companies, the about well known of which work in motion pictures, music recording, and telly production. The former moving-picture show ranches were branches of original studios at present consisting of CBS Studio Center, NBCUniversal, The Walt Disney Company (and its ABC television network), and Warner Bros.

The valley was previously known for advances in aerospace technology and nuclear enquiry by companies such as Lockheed, Rocketdyne and its Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Atomics International, Litton Industries, Marquardt, and TRW's predecessor Thompson Ramo Wooldridge.

Adult entertainment [edit]

The valley became the pioneering region for producing developed films in the 1970s and grew to become home to a multibillion-dollar pornography industry, earning the monikers Porn Valley,^{[35] [36] [37] [38]} Silicone Valley (in dissimilarity to Silicon Valley, nickname for the Santa Clara Valley),^{[39] [twoscore] [41] [42] [43]} and San Pornando Valley.^{[44] [45]} The leading trade newspaper for the industry, AVN mag, is based in the Northwest Valley, as were a bulk of U.S. adult video and magazine distributors. The Paul Thomas Anderson film, Boogie Nights explores these aspects of the valley. According to the HBO series Pornucopia, at 1 fourth dimension, virtually 90 pct of all legally distributed pornographic films made in the Usa were either filmed in or produced past studios based in the San Fernando Valley. The pornography industry began to decline by the mid-2000s, owing, for the most part, to the growing amount of gratis content on the Internet, which undercut consumers' willingness to pay. In 2007 manufacture insiders estimated that revenue for nigh adult product and distribution companies had declined 30 percent to l percent and the number of new films made had fallen sharply.^[46]

Utilities and infrastructure [edit]

Virtually of the utilities in the valley are served by public municipal governments, primarily the cities of Los Angeles, and Burbank, while at that place are only ii private-endemic utilities for gas and electricity in the valley as well. Southern California Edison has their overhead ability lines going through the city of Burbank and through the Los Angeles city neighborhoods of Sylmar, Mission Hills, Arleta, North Hollywood, Studio City, Woodland Hills, Granada Hills, Porter Ranch, and Chatsworth as well. Internet, cable telly, and cellular phone service in the valley are by large private companies.

The valley is served by the following utility companies:

Electricity

• Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (serves the unabridged Los Angeles metropolis department of the valley, which is 2 thirds of the land surface area, and is also the largest electric utility in the San Fernando Valley)
• Burbank Water and Power
• Southern California Edison (serves the cities of San Fernando, Calabasas, and Hidden Hills)^[47]

Natural gas

• Southern California Gas Visitor

H2o

• Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (serves the entire Los Angeles city section of the valley, which is two thirds of the state expanse)
• Burbank Water and Power
• Metropolis of San Fernando
• Metropolitan Water District

Internet and Cablevision Television

• AT&T
• Borderland Communications
• Charter Communications (Spectrum)

Cell Telephone Service

• AT&T
• T-Mobile
• Cricket Wireless
• Verizon Wireless

Sanitation

• City of Los Angeles
• Metropolis of San Fernando (Republic Services, Inc.)
• Metropolis of Burbank

Transportation [edit]

Victory Boulevard in Van Nuys, lined with low-rise commercial establishments, is typical of the broad, directly boulevards in the San Fernando Valley. Photo, 2002.

Freeways [edit]

Major freeways cantankerous the Valley, including Interstate 405 (San Diego Throughway), U.S. Route 101 (Ventura Expressway/Hollywood Freeway), Land Route 118 (Ronald Reagan Freeway), Land Route 170 (Hollywood State highway), Interstate 210 (Foothill Freeway), and Interstate 5 (Gilt State Expressway). Notable streets include Sepulveda Boulevard, Ventura Boulevard, Laurel Canyon Boulevard, San Fernando Road, Victory Boulevard, Reseda Boulevard, Riverside Bulldoze, Mulholland Drive, and State Road 27 (Topanga Coulee Boulevard).

Rapid transit [edit]

Subway, dedicated transitway, and express and local buses, provided by many agencies, serve the San Fernando Valley. Some of the former rights-of-mode of the Pacific Electric Railway, which outset accelerated population growth in the Valley,^[48] have been repurposed for busways and calorie-free rail lines.

The Los Angeles Canton Metropolitan Transportation Authority operates two Metro B Line subway stations in the Valley, which are located at Universal City and North Hollywood, which connect it directly to Hollywood and Downtown Los Angeles. The Metro B Line is the offset heavy rails subway in the valley, extended from its prior terminus in 2000. With transfers, information technology connects the Valley to the unabridged Metro regional light track and subway network. The B Line's two Valley subway stations provide admission to national travel through Bob Hope Airport and Amtrak and regional travel through Metrolink, Metro Rapid, Metro Local, and the Metro G Line. Metro canonical a new light rail line, the East San Fernando Valley Transit Corridor. A new north–southward light runway line on Van Nuys Boulevard from the Yard Line Van Nuys Station is planned. Construction is set to brainstorm in 2021 with a completion date of 2027.

The G Line busway uses a dedicated transitway route running the east–westward length of the Valley connecting the Northward Hollywood B Line Station to the Warner Centre Transit Hub in Woodland Hills and then heads due north through Canoga Park to the Chatsworth Metrolink train station.^[49]

2 additional Metro Busway lines are planned for the Valley operating from North Hollywood station: the North Hollywood–Pasadena Transit Line which volition run to Pasadena with connections to the 50 Line, and the Due north San Fernando Valley Transit Corridor which will provide additional east-due west services complimenting the One thousand Line. Metro is also studying a route through the Sepulveda Pass, the Sepulveda Pass Transit Corridor, including heavy runway and monorail alternatives.

Rail and air [edit]

Metrolink commuter track has 2 Valley lines, the Antelope Valley Line and Ventura Canton Line, which connect the Valley and beyond to downtown Los Angeles and south, becoming 1 line at the Downtown Burbank station. Metrolink always had one Burbank Airport station on the Ventura County Line, simply a second Burbank Drome station was built in 2017 on the Antelope Valley Line.

Amtrak'south Pacific Surfliner long-distance rail line has stops at Burbank Airport station, Van Nuys, and Chatsworth Station, before proceeding on to Ventura County, Santa Barbara, and Northern California or Union Station and San Diego.

The California High-Speed Rail Authorization was planning two stations in the Valley, ane in Burbank and the other in Sylmar, but the proposed Sylmar high-speed track station was canceled attributable to local opposition from the metropolis of San Fernando. As of now, there's but one planned station in the valley, located in Burbank with an initial section of the railroad peradventure opening in 2029.

The Valley'southward ii major airports are Hollywood Burbank Airdrome and the Van Nuys Airport. The Van Nuys–Airport FlyAway Terminal provides nonstop scheduled shuttle service to LAX and back to the valley, with parking.

Didactics [edit]

Public schools in the San Fernando Valley are served by three unified schoolhouse districts; The Northwest and East Regions of the Los Angeles Unified School District, the Glendale Unified School Commune and the Burbank Unified Schoolhouse District. At that place are four community colleges in the valley; Los Angeles Valley College in Valley Glen, Los Angeles Mission College in Sylmar, and Los Angeles Pierce Higher in Woodland Hills. All except Glendale College are served by the Los Angeles Community College Commune. The only land university in the San Fernando Valley is California State University Northridge in Northridge.

In 1994 there were 180,000 PK-12 students attending Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) campuses in the Valley. During the same twelvemonth, about 45,000 PK-12 students, or one in five of all such students, attended the over 200 individual schools in the Valley.^[l]

Civilization [edit]

Cultural assets in the San Fernando Valley include:

• The Keen Wall of Los Angeles – A 2,754-foot (839 g)-long landscape designed by Judy Baca and painted on the sides of the Tujunga Launder, depicting the history of California.
• The Mission San Fernando Rey de España - Is a Spanish mission in the Mission Hills district of Los Angeles, California. The mission was founded on September 8, 1797, and was the seventeenth of the twenty-one Spanish missions established in Alta California. Named for Saint Ferdinand, the mission is the namesake of the city of San Fernando and the San Fernando Valley.^[51]

Museums [edit]

San Fernando Valley museums:

• The Nethercutt Drove – Museum in Sylmar best known for its drove of classic automobiles, as well has collections of mechanical musical instruments and antiquarian article of furniture.
• Valley Relics Museum – Museum in Van Nuys dedicated to the history and popular civilization of the San Fernando Valley. It was once located in Chatsworth, California.
• Gordon R. Howard Museum complex in Burbank, California.
• Autry Museum of the American West – most Burbank in Griffith Park.
• Travel Town Museum – well-nigh Burbank in Griffith Park.
• Discovery Cube Los Angeles - Children's museum in Hansen Dam.
• The Museum of the San Fernando Valley in Northridge.

Convention center [edit]

The San Fernando Valley has a convention eye located in the urban center of Burbank, e of the Burbank Drome, at the Marriott Hotel.

Performing arts venues [edit]

San Fernando Valley performing arts venues:

• The Starlight Bowl – A 5,000-capacity amphitheater built in 1950, located in Burbank.
• The Valley Performing Arts Heart – Located on the CSUN campus, features a 1,700-seat concert hall.

Amusement parks [edit]

The San Fernando Valley once had an amusement park in the Van Nuys neighborhood of Los Angeles. Busch Gardens was located at the Budweiser brewery in the center of the valley, but information technology was torn down in the late 1970s to brand room for a massive brewery expansion. As of now, the just entertainment park in the San Fernando Valley is Universal Studios Hollywood in unincorporated Universal City.

Healthcare [edit]

There are two Kaiser Permanente hospitals serving the San Fernando Valley, ane in Panorama Metropolis and ane in Woodland Hills. Also, there are 2 Providence hospitals, in Burbank and Mission Hills. Besides Kaiser Permanente and Providence hospitals, nigh of the valley is served by not-profit hospitals such equally: Valley Presbyterian Hospital in Van Nuys, Northridge Hospital Medical Center in Northridge, Olive View – UCLA Medical Center in Sylmar, Encino Infirmary Medical Center in Encino, Providence Tarzana Medical Center in Tarzana, and Sherman Oaks Hospital in Sherman Oaks.

Valley independence and secession [edit]

Independence movements [edit]

The Valley attempted to secede in the 1970s, but the land passed a law barring metropolis germination without the approval of the City Council. In 1997, Assemblymen Bob Hertzberg and Tom McClintock helped pass a bill that would make it easier for the Valley to secede by removing the Urban center Quango veto. AB 62 was signed into police force past Governor Pete Wilson. Meanwhile, a grassroots motion to split the Los Angeles Unified School Commune (LAUSD) and create new San Fernando Valley-based school districts became the focal indicate of the want to leave the urban center. Though the state rejected the idea of Valley-based districts, it remained an important rallying bespeak for Hertzberg'southward mayoral campaign, which proved unsuccessful.^[52]

Mensurate F

In 2002, the San Fernando Valley portion of Los Angeles over again seriously campaigned to secede from the residue of the urban center and go its own new independent and incorporated city. The motility gained some momentum, but measure out F did not receive the necessary votes to pass. There were multiple proper noun choices for the new city. "Valley City" was the chosen proper name for the new urban center. Amidst the proposed names for the new city were "Mission Valley", "Rancho San Fernando", "Camelot", or "Townsville".^{[53] [54] [55] [56]}

District renamings [edit]

The NoHo Arts Commune was established and the proper noun called equally a reference for its location in Northward Hollywood and as a play off New York City's arts-centered SoHo District. According to the San Fernando Guide, the change helped develop a "primarily lower to middle-course suburb into … a collection of art and a abode for the artists who ply their trade in the galleries, theaters and trip the light fantastic studios in this small annex."^[57]

According to the Lake Balboa Neighborhood Quango, from 2002 through November 2007 there was a debate most the official recognition of Lake Balboa as a community by the City of Los Angeles. New customs names were not sanctioned past the metropolis until Jan 2006, when the city adopted a formal community-naming process (Urban center of Los Angeles Council File Number 02 -0196). On November 2, 2007, the City Council of Los Angeles approved a movement renaming a larger portion of Van Nuys to Lake Balboa.^[58]

Demographics [edit]

As of 2012 the population of the San Fernando Valley was i.77 million, of which 41.8 percent were Hispanic or Latino, 41.0 percent were non-Hispanic white, 12.7 percent were Asian and four.6 percent were African Americans.^[59] The largest metropolis located entirely in the valley is Burbank, with over 107,000 residents. The well-nigh populous districts of Los Angeles in the Valley are Van Nuys and Pacoima, which like the city of Burbank have more than than 100,000 residents each. Despite the San Fernando Valley's reputation for sprawling, depression-density development, the valley communities of Panorama City, North Hollywood, Van Nuys, Reseda, Canoga Park, and Northridge, all in Los Angeles, have numerous flat complexes and contain some of the densest demography tracts in Los Angeles.

The San Fernando Valley has a significant population below the poverty level. About 30 percentage of Valley households in 2009 earned less than $35,000 a yr, including 10 percent who made less than $15,000 a year.^[60] The Pacoima district, once considered the hub of suburban blight and of having the highest poverty rate, is no longer such. Other San Fernando Valley neighborhoods such as North Hollywood, Panorama City, and Arleta now have poverty rates which are higher.^[61]

In general, the areas with lower poverty rates have get fewer and more scattered, while many of the now affluent communities have become compartmented, having their ain private, planned and gated communities. Many of these tend to exist on or nigh the borders of the Valley in the foothill regions.^[62]

Belongings values [edit]

In 1997, the median toll of an average one-family home in the San Fernando Valley was simply $155,000. In the summertime of 2003, information technology reached $400,000 and by July 2005, it had reached $578,500. In August 2005, it rose to $600,000. A cooling off was noted in 2006, when between Nov 2005 and November 2006, median prices rose past the smallest corporeality of whatsoever 12-month period since mid-1997. Indeed, Nov prices were lower than Oct prices, and sales for Nov had fallen 19.1% compared to a year earlier.^[63] The Us housing market correction affected the San Fernando Valley in 2007–2009, making housing significantly more than affordable in the expanse: the median sales price fell from $660,000 at the summit in May 2007, to $500,000 by March 2008,^[64] stabilizing in 2009 at around $330,000–$340,000.^[65] The San Fernando Valley is home to one of the most expensive housing markets in the land. The median home value as of July 2014 is $536,000, the highest in the region in viii years.^[66] Equally of 2017, the price of an average single family firm in the San Fernando Valley was over $800,000, making the valley i of the about expensive places to live in the Los Angeles metropolitan surface area.

See as well [edit]

Places

• CSUN Botanic Garden
• Wood Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
• The Los Angeles Zoo and Botanical Gardens
• Nestor Studios, valley ranch
• Providencia Ranch, Oak Crest
• Rancho El Escorpión
• Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando
• Rancho Los Encinos
• Rancho Providencia, showtime pic town (1912)
• Universal Urban center, the two valley ranch locations

Data

• Geography of Los Angeles County
• History of the San Fernando Valley to 1915
• List of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in the San Fernando Valley
• Los Angeles Times suburban sections

Adjacent regions

• Conejo Valley
• Crescenta Valley
• San Gabriel Valley
• Santa Clarita Valley
• Santa Clara River Valley
• Simi Valley
• Verdugo Mountains

Sociological

• Valley girl

References [edit]

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2. ^ Los Angeles Dam and Reservoir Project, San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles Canton, California: Typhoon Environmental Bear upon Argument U.S. Federal Disaster Assistance Administration, Region Nine, 1975, p. fourteen. "The San Fernando Valley (commonly referred to as the Valley) is generally bounded on the northward by the Santa Susana and San Gabriel Mountains, on the west by the Simi Hills, on the south and southwest by the Santa Monica Mountains, on the southeast by the Los Angeles River aqueduct as it traverses the southern boundary of Burbank, and on the east by the Verdugo Mountains."
3. ^ ^{a b c} McLaughlin, Katy (March 29, 2018). "Living in 'the Valley' Is, Similar, Absurd Now". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved September fifteen, 2018. The majority of the San Fernando Valley lies within the metropolis of Los Angeles, simply locals nonetheless tend to refer to it as 'the Valley' and to the rest of Los Angeles as 'the urban center'.
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13. ^ Jake Klein (June 1, 2003). Then & Now: San Fernando Valley. Gibbs Smith. p. 5. ISBN978-1-58685-229-0 . Retrieved August 8, 2012.
14. ^ Michael Crosby (June 3, 2009). Encino. Arcadia Publishing. p. seven. ISBN978-0-7385-6991-8 . Retrieved Baronial 8, 2012.
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21. ^ ^{a b} George 50. Henderson (Feb 1, 2003). California and the Fictions of Capital. Temple University Printing. p. 199. ISBN978-1-59213-198-iii . Retrieved August 8, 2012.
22. ^ Mulholland, Catherine. The Owensmouth Baby - The Making of the San Fernando Valley Santa Susana Press, California, 1987; p. 18-20.
23. ^ Judith R. Raftery (1992). Land of Fair Promise: Politics and Reform in Los Angeles Schools 1885 – 1941. Stanford Academy Press. p. 112. ISBN978-0-8047-1930-8 . Retrieved May seven, 2013.
24. ^ ^{a b} Marc Wanamaker (June 27, 2011). San Fernando Valley. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN978-0-7385-7157-7 . Retrieved May 7, 2013.
25. ^ Winston Winford Crouch; Beatrice Dinerman (1963). Southern California City: A Report of Government for a Metropolitan Area. University of California Press. p. 156. GGKEY:DB4Q1TGU95T. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
26. ^ Kotkin, Joel; Ozuna, Erika. "The Irresolute Confront of the San Fernando Valley" (PDF). Pepperdine University. Pepperdine University. Retrieved Jan 21, 2015.
27. ^ Demarest, Michael (September 27, 1982). "Living: How Toe-dully Max Is Their Valley". Fourth dimension. Archived from the original on October 15, 2010. Retrieved September fifteen, 2018.
28. ^ Barrymore, Drew (2015). Wildflower. New York: Dutton. pp. ii, vii. ISBN9781101983799. OCLC 904421431. As if I had been lobotomized, we packed our things and moved into our new dwelling, indeed in Sherman Oaks, in 1983. It'south why I nonetheless talk like a valley girl. That cadency snuck into my life at that spongelike age of 8 and never left.
29. ^ "Meaning Earthquakes and Faults, Northridge Earthquake". Southern California Earthquake Data Center. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
30. ^ David J. Wald; et al. "The Slip History of the 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake Determined from Stiff Basis Motion, Teleseismic, GPS, and Leveling Data". Bulletin of the Seismic Social club of America. 86. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
31. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved Oct 6, 2014. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
32. ^ "The Jan 17, 1994 Northridge, CA Convulsion". EQE. March 1994. Retrieved August eight, 2012.
33. ^ "San Fernando Convulsion". Southern California Earthquake Data Center. Archived from the original on April vii, 2014. Retrieved Oct fourteen, 2013.
34. ^ "City Boundary". geohub.lacity.org . Retrieved May 20, 2021.
35. ^ "Louis Theroux: Twilight of the Porn Stars". IMDb.com. June 10, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
36. ^ Sheumaker, Helen; Wajda, Shirley Teresa (2008). Fabric Culture in America: Understanding Everyday Life. ABC-CLIO. p. 406. ISBN978-1-57607-647-vii . Retrieved August 8, 2012.
37. ^ Robinson, Melia (September 29, 2017). "How LA's 'Porn Valley' became the adult entertainment majuscule of the world". Business Insider . Retrieved November twenty, 2021.
38. ^ "Porn manufacture still at habitation in San Fernando Valley despite condom laws, Web, piracy". Daily News. January 12, 2015. Retrieved November twenty, 2021.
39. ^ Johnstone, Mark; Holzman, Leslie Aboud (2002). Epicenter: San Francisco Bay Area Art At present. Chronicle Books. p. 234. ISBN0811835413. [...] the San Fernando Valley, too known as The Valley [...] Although San Fernando Valley in this context is snidely referred to as Silicone Valley and the Valley of Sin [...]
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41. ^ Pilkington, Ed (October 13, 2010). "US porn industry thrown into crisis after actor tests positive for HIV". The Guardian. The San Fernando valley has become the focal point of the porn industry since the 1970s. Information technology has been dubbed the San Pornando valley and Silicone Valley, a play on the prevalence on artificially enhanced breasts.
42. ^ Derudder, Ben (2012). International Handbook of Globalization and Earth Cities. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 301. ISBN9781781001011. [...] the acknowledged centre of porn has, since the 1970s, been San Fernando (or Silicone Valley, every bit it is sometimes dubbed), which currently accounts for around ii thirds of listed adult entertainment production studios [...]
43. ^ Altman, Dennis (2010). Global Sexual activity. Academy of Chicago Printing. p. 117. ISBN9780226016047. Virtually of the U.S. pornography industry is centered in Los Angeles'south San Fernando Valley north of Hollywood, so much so that one surface area is known locally as Silicone Valley.
44. ^ Lasica, J. D. (April 18, 2005). Darknet: Hollywood's state of war against the digital generation. Wiley. p. 157. ISBN978-0-471-68334-half dozen . Retrieved August viii, 2012.
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46. ^ Fritz, Ben (August 10, 2009). "Tough times in the porn manufacture". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved Baronial viii, 2012.
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51. ^ "History of Mission San Fernando Rey de España". California Missions Foundation. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
52. ^ Ayres Jr., B. Drummond (May 29, 1996). "Los Angeles, Long Fragmented, Faces Threat of Secession by the San Fernando Valley". The New York Times . Retrieved October ane, 2016.
53. ^ "Guide to the Valley Voters Organized Toward Empowerment Collection" (PDF). Online Archive of California. 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
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56. ^ "It's Right on the Tip of Their Tongues; Secession: Residents of Valley and harbor area narrow list of possible names". Los Angeles Times. April three, 2002.
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66. ^ "Valley Domicile Prices Hitting Eight Year High". San Fernando Valley Blog Periodical. San Fernando Valley Blog Journal. Retrieved Oct 13, 2017.

Further reading [edit]

• Barraclough, Laura (2011). Making the San Fernando Valley: Rural Landscapes, Urban Development, and White Privilege.
• Cooper, Martin (2010). Due north of Mulholland.
• Coscia, David (2011). Pacific Electric and the Growth of the San Fernando Valley. Shade Tree Books. ISBN978-ane-57864-735-4.
• Klein, Jake (2003). And then and Now: San Fernando Valley. Gibbs Smith. ISBNone-58685-229-nine.
• Mayers, Jackson (1976). The San Fernando Valley. John D. McIntyre, Walnut, CA.
• Roderick, Kevin (2001). The San Fernando Valley: America'south Suburb. Los Angeles Times Books. ISBN978-1-883792-55-eight.

External links [edit]

• San Fernando Valley travel guide from Wikivoyage
• San Fernando Valley website
• CSUN Digital Library: San Fernando Valley online Archives: vintage photos-maps-histories.
• CSUN: San Fernando Valley Statistics website
• CSUN San Fernando Valley Economic Research Center website

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